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District development, three years in

Three years into the district development approach, the record is mixed and instructive.

District development, three years in

Where it has worked, a single credible plan replaced a stack of competing ones and gave the private sector something to underwrite. Where it has not, it added a coordination layer without decision rights.

The deciding factor

Whether the district has the authority and the budget to act on its plan, or only to write it.

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